Acoustic Design in Architecture

Acoustic Design in Architecture Introduction The purpose of this report is to produce a design scheme for the conversion of a large room to a multi use theatre. The report will present the necessary things that need to be considered to ensure a satisfactory acoustic environment by measuring the problems encountered with acoustic design and how to tackle them. The report will look at the problems related to this space and present possible solutions and recommendations based on the information available. Initial plan As in every case, this room presents its own unique set of problems, which involve very common factors such as the shape and size of the room, the intended use of the space, the budget and the basic laws of acoustics. The stage will be best positioned at the centre of the east wall, as shown in Fig.1 The audience depth will be shallow and wide so that the best can be appreciated from a presentation or performance both visually and acoustically. More importantly, the sound reaching the audience will be evenly distributed.   With the stage positioned on the east wall, the obvious step is to place the mixing desks and equipment storage in the boxed area opposite the stage. The walls are made of plasterboard. The room measures 15.176m wide and 12.176 long with an extra pocket on the side measuring 5m by 3.396m. The seating capacity will be approximately 80-100. Problems Although this is the logical way to position the stage and seating, there is a big problem with the design that needs to be ironed out; the roof is high and airy on one side of the room yet low and dense on the other. As symmetry is critical in acoustic design, this is a big problem. However, difficulties would also arise if the stage were positioned at one of the narrower sides of the room because the audience would still not get even sound distribution. The windows pose another big problem for the proposal of the design. If they were a desired feature a sound-reducing window could be fitted, but these are expensive and usually favoured in recording studios or places where visual presentation is not involved. For the purposes of this project, which must accommodate controlled lighting and projectors, daylight and the changes in daylight would be unacceptable. The need for windows in this case is redundant. The project funding cannot warrant electrical devices to control reverberation but sufficient commitment needs to be made towards sound reinforcement. For the purpose of renting the space to organisations outside of the university, it needs to be classed as a music venue, which brings with it its own set of requirements in terms of equipment and maintenance as well as in the acoustic design. Tests with sound inside the space need to be conducted before the speaker arrangement can be determined. Solutions and recommendations Walls The wall opposite the stage will need diffusers to distribute or absorb the sound and regulate reverberation time. Curtains along the back of the stage area will give more options once the venue is up and running and could also be extended to the north and south walls, in addition to the absorbers and diffusers. Rigid Rocksil walling is excellent, but expensive. There are many fiberboard solutions on the market, which would be a cheaper alternative. These can be screwed to the existing wall. Floor A cheap and effective option for the floor is heavy felt carpet underlay with a compressed carpet on the top. An attractive, but more expensive alternative would be to lay wooden flooring over the top of the thick underlay; the hard surface of the wood could enhance the sound quality; too much soft furnishing may deaden the sound. Ceiling The best solution to the problem with the ceiling is to find a balance between the sound generated under the high ceiling, with that being generated under the low side. As the area on one side of the room will have a different sound quality to the other side, absorbers need to be fitted to the high ceiling to counteract echo and a set of diffusers to the low ceiling to maximise the quality of the sound, (see figure 2). An aesthetic feature can be made of the high section of the ceiling using the reflectors and absorbers. Windows doors The solid fire doors will not leak much sound. Vibration leaked through the doorframe can be greatly decreased using doorframe sound gaskets. The windows would be best removed or blocked with absorbers. An air conditioning system will need to be installed, even if the windows remain, air conditioning is still absolutely necessary with so much insulation. Free standing absorbers Another ideal way to add flexibility to the working design of the studio is to include freestanding sound absorbers, deflectors and diffusers. These can be moved around to fit with the nature of performance or presentation and the size of the audience. They can also be custom made without too much expense. Conclusion The initial problem facing this project faces is the multi purpose use for which it has been designated and the flexibility that is required from the finished design. Live music and speech require different methods of application in acoustic design. Speech and drama performances depend largely on design made with good intelligibility in mind, where as acoustic design for music venues needs to take other factors into consideration that may not work out best for speech and vice versa. In addition to this, The University has limited funds for the project. The important factor here is that the design must be finished to a competitive standard and the venue must be able to operate smoothly if The University is to make the theatre a commercial success. More research needs to be carried out inside the room to determine how, exactly, the issue with the ceiling can be properly resolved. The acoustics of the space will need to be tested before work is carried out, using a small sound system that can establish the extent of change in sound from one side of the room to the other. Bibliography Makrinenko, L., Ed, Bradley, J.S.,1986. Acoustics of Auditoriums in Public Buildings, New York: Acoustical Society of America. Elsea P, 1996. ACOUSTIC TREATMENT FOR HOME STUDIOS, California: University of California Santa Cruz. Ed. Wallace Clement Sabine, 1921. Collected Papers on Acoustics, New York:v Acoustical Society of America Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers: Theory, Design, and Application  by Trevor J. Cox, Peter D’Antonio, Spon Press (April 1, 2004)

Isolationism: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and United States Government Essay

After the events leading up to World War I and also the aftermath of the war itself, the United States government decided to take a second look at their policy of isolationism and also their foreign policy. That second look caused plenty of controversies between the people in America who supported a return to isolationism and also those who wished to see a change in United Sates by taking a much more active role in not only European affairs, but world affairs in general. In the mid to late 1930’s, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt among other government officials and even some American citizens were very fond of taking up a policy of isolationism after World War 1. In Document 2, the president clearly states that war is just like a contagion, a virus that should be avoided indefinitely. President Roosevelt was dead set on keeping the United States out of the war by all means necessary. He wanted peace and did not agree with the idea that countries seemed to be fighting for no reason other than that they were bigger and stronger than the opposed. In Document 3, Senator Robert A. Taft was opposed to the United States entering the war in Europe because he believed that due to World War 1, democracies were destroyed and dictatorships were set up in place of them. American citizens supported a policy of isolationism because they felt war was far too costly and resulted in a very high death toll of not only American citizens but citizens worldwide . Soon after, between the spring of 1940 and the start of 1941, public opinion began to shift from the support of isolationism to an opposition of the policy. In Document 5, you can see that instead of staying out of war, American citizens began to want to aid Britain in the fight against Germany. Another event that altered public opinion was the fall of France. While many people disagreed with the shift in public opinion by saying things like Charles Lindbergh said, â€Å"If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is reason enough for us to stay out† as seen in Document 7. However in Document 8, you can see that there is a clear opposition to a policy of isolationism. Basically the public believed that if Hitler and the Nazi regime weren’t stopped, then they would attack the United States. The concern was that if Britain was conquered, it was open the ocean ways of the Atlantic, which in turn would cause a major threat. Regardless of the supporters of a policy of isolationism, the United States supported the war and was soon enough involved in the fight against Germany. Since then, the United States has played an extremely active role in European and other world affairs. We have become an ally to plenty and an enemy to some. And just as there had been during World War 1, there are still existing controversies on isolationism between American citizens and also between the government.

The 5-Minute Rule for Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish

The 5-Minute Rule for Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish Key Pieces of Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish Although you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to think of something to discuss. After each prompt, you are going to be given 20 seconds to reply, and it is necessary to use every second. For those who have time, repeat every one of the steps above to incrementally raise your score. You will just have 4 minutes to prepare, so it's very fast paced. What You Don't Know About Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish If you've taken an AP English exam, it is going to be quite much like a persuasive writing with that test. Even following some Spanish Twitter feeds or listening to Spanish music may be a good way to work a small language practice in your day. The Fluent U app is a great choice for AP foreign languages. In the present global community, competence in more than 1 language is an important part of communicati on and cultural comprehension. What You Don't Know About Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish Evidently, until the conversation begins you won't have the ability to answer questions or produce responses. Since you may see, it's a pretty extensive test. You can observe how each response was graded, and the reason why they received each grade. Each one directs you to finish a particular sort of response. You will have to discuss how the two are similar. In addition, there are vast amounts of study materials readily available online. In various ways, preparing for the free-response section is exactly like preparing for the remainder of the AP exam. The CollegeBoard also provides some extra insights to have test-takers ready for test day. Essay writing is a job where a million thoughts cross your head in a moment, therefore it is always beneficial you have another revision. This exam can appear overwhelming, thus we're likely to go over each area of the test and chat about ways that you can succeed. If that's the case, then studying a bit before the very first day of class is able to help you get off to a superb start. The Benefits of Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish In political or law making circles, for instance, quality of life might be employed to gage the simplicity of livability in a specific society. Your study of some other language not only offers you the capacity to express thoughts and ideas but in addition provides you with accessibility to perspectives and knowledge that can only be gotten through the language and culture. You should be ready to understand what motivates authors to compose their works, how intertextuality contributes to the significance of a work, and the way the reader's experience becomes a portion of the job. If you're into technology, then you're able to write a paper at which you'll compare similarities or name differences between the two sorts of smartphones. Picking the correct comparison and contrast essay topic is important for each and every author. It might be necessary to liaise with other people to recognize the good compare and contrast essay topics. The sort of compare and contrast essay topic you select should always depict your degree of learning. Otherwise, you should look at a number of the easy compare and contrast essay topics on the many scientific innovations. If you decide to compose a funny comparative essay then you have to have good humor. Students who don't have a great awareness of humor might overdo it in their essay. Before even contemplating the subject, it is necessary to know what type of an audience would be reading the essay. It's great to be knowledgeable about the audience beforehand as you want to give them an essay they prefer reading. Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish - the Conspiracy Additionally, these essays permit students develop critical thinking skills to approach a wide range of topics. Getting ready for the AP exams can be quite a stressful moment. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish It is clear that a fair analytical thinking must accomplish the hefty undertaking of writing an analysis paper. To write a terrific argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stance. B e sure that the thesis is clearly mentioned in the introduction. Introduction with the potent hook and thesis statement stays the same. The Battle Over Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish and How to Win It A few of the excerpts are going to be from the essential reading lists, and others won't be. For this section of the exam, you'll have to answer questions dependent on the necessary reading list, together with analyze texts that aren't on the list. Our on-line essay editing service gives a terrific value for the money as you can receive the best grades without sweating over it. Utilize information from each one of the sources to strengthen your essay. The Essentials of Cultural Comparison Essay Topics Ap Spanish That You Can Learn From Starting Right Away In a try to decrease manufacturing expenses and stay competitive many excellent control manufacturers add constituents of animal origin to their control solutions. If there's a possiblity to use an intricate stru cture, do it! Your comparison should really help somebody's understanding of the objects you're contrasting. It has an identical structure as other forms of academic papers with the few key differences. Students write much better papers when they have some excellent examples in front of those. They can typically understand the structure with just a short amount of instruction. Along with common idioms, your students should also be in possession of an excellent understanding of transitional phrases. By using common idioms during the free-response components of the exam, they are sure to impress the graders.

Persuasive Speech On Capital Punishment - 1134 Words

Persuasive Speech Outline 07/18/17 Capital Punishment is a Crime Introduction I. Attention Getter: With the United states in debt up to nineteen trillion and states facing budget cuts, a million dollars is a lot of money to spend to give one person the death penalty. While some people may agree with the death penalty, others may not. Some people feel that locking a criminal in prison for their life will keep the world safe, while other, believe that giving them the death penalty will deter other people from committing the crime. II. Relevance link: While studies show that states without the death penalty have a lower crime rate, no one can be certain that it does†¦show more content†¦Moreover, states without the death penalty have much lower murder rates. The South accounts for 80% of US executions and has the highest regional murder rate.† With that being said no one is aware if capital punishment is deterring crime from any state. B. Subpoint: 1. Sub-subpoint: {refer to visual aid} 2. Sub-subpoint: Transition: Now I will tell you about the excessive cost of capital punishment. II. Second Main Point: The excessive cost of execution is also a reason for the death penalty to be abolished. To keep a man in prison for one s whole life cost less than executing him. A state would save millions of dollars if they did away with death row and executions. A. Subpoint: Christy Hoppe, author of â€Å"Execution cost Texas millions† says â€Å"it cost two million dollars to keep someone on death row and then execute them.† B. Subpoint: One may believe that the money being used for the execution could be used to help other issues within the state. Some of the issues it could help with could possibly be helping build more prisons to house the criminals, and helping within the school system. Transition: Now that I have talked about the excessive cost of execution, lets talk about the people who have been wrongfully executed due to false evidence. 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